SQL - Structured Query Language

History of SQL

1970, SEQUEL (Structured English Query Language) was developed at IBM San Jose Research Laboratory by Donald D Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce. Due to Trade Mark Problem the SEQUEL name was changed into SQL (Structured Query Language). SQL is a Non-Procedural Language that helps to maintain Database Structure, Data and Produce SET of Information in a single operation and independently working with Application. SQL was developed to simplify and communicate different Personal Computers, Midrange Systems with IBM Mainframes that running on MVS and VM Operating System.

1970, The Relational Database Model was invented by Dr. E.F. Codd based on the Mathematical SET Theory, Predicate Logic, Relational Algebra Theory and Tuple Relational Calculus Theory. IBM was implemented Dr. E.F. Codd's Concept and projected Relational Database Management System Prototype Application is called System R that deploy with Structured Query Language. 1974, System R developed and then enhanced the Prototype Application into Commercial RDBMS is called System/38 (1979), SQL/DB (1981) and DB2 (1983).

1973, Eugence Wong and Michael Stonebraker was implemented Dr. E.F. Codd's Concept and projected Open Source Relational Database Management System is called Berkeley INGRES. This is an Open Source Relational Database Management System developed by University of California, Berkeley.

Relational Software (ORACLE Corporation) was implemented Dr. E.F. Codd's Concept and developed their own SQL based RDBMS. 1979, Relational Software Inc introduced the first commercial RDBMS is called ORACLE Version 2 and implemented in U.S. Navy, Central Intelligence Agency and other U.S. Government Agencies.

SQL standard version was published by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and International Standards Organization (ISO) in 1986 that re-defined in 1989 and 1992 with additional feature. Many of the Government, Organizations and RDBMS Companies are updated the SQL standard feature that Call-Level Interfaces and Object-Based Extension Concept based on ANSI/ISO SQL Standard.

Microsoft implemented SQL concept and developed SQL-based Call-Level API is called Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) that helps to communicate Window Operating System with different Database Management System. Microsoft implemented Object Oriented Database Access Layers Concept with ODBC and published Object Linking and Embedding Technology (OLE DB). .NET Data Objects and ADO.NET were developed based on OLE DB Technology that helps to communicate a Window Operating System with .NET Framework.

Sun Microsystems implemented SQL concept and developed SQL-based Call-Level API is called Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) that helps to communicate between Java Program Application with Relational Database Management System.

Database Programming Language

SQL is a set based declarative query language that designed to write query to retrieve data from Relational Database Management System. Database Product Companies are followed SQL Standard and developed their own Database Procedural Programming Languages to manage Business Logic in the Database.

SQL/PSM - Structured Query Language/Persistent Stored Modules (SQL/PSM) was developed by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) based on SQL Standard. MySQL was developed and deployed with SQL/PSM Technique that helps to write, compile, execute and manage Business Logic in the MySQL Open Source RDBMS.

SQL PL - Structured Query Language Procedural Language (SQL PL) was developed by IBM based on SQL Standard. SQL PL is helps to write, compile, execute and manage Business Logic in the IBM DB2 (UDB - Universal Database) RDBMS.

T-SQL - Transact-SQL (T-SQL) was developed by Sybase based on SQL Standard that deploy with Sybase SQL Server. Later, Microsoft and Sybase updated Control Flow Statement, Local Variable Concept, Build in Function and Delete or Update DML Operation feature with T-SQL that simply to write Database Program in the Sybase SQL Server and MS SQL Server RDBMS.

PL/SQL - Procedural Language/Structured Query Language (PL/SQL) was developed by ORACLE Corporation based on SQL Standard. ORACLE updated Object Oriented (Ada and JAVA) Program Technique in the PL/SQL. PL/SQL is helps to write, compile, execute and manage Business Logic in the ORACLE RDBMS. PL/SQL Program units can be compiled into the Oracle Core Database that can edit and manage through Oracle SQL*Plus Tool Application.

PL/pgSQL - Procedural Language/Persistent Stored Modules was developed by PostgreSQL Global Development Group based on SQL/PSM Approach. Later, they followed ORACLE PL/SQL concept and re-engineering the Database Procedural Program Language. PL/pgSQL is helps to write, compile, execute and manage Business Logic in the PostgreSQL Relational Database Management System.

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